E-Megara-GR
ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΗ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΣ
  1. The natural pronunciation of the grapheme , whether in its independent (visible) form or in its “inherent” (invisible) form in a consonant grapheme, is /ɔ/. But its pronunciation changes to /o/ in the following contexts:
    •  is in the first syllable and there is a  /i/ or  /u/ in the next syllable, as in অতি ôti ‘much’ /ot̪i/বলছি bôlchhi ‘(I am) speaking’ /ˈboltʃʰi/
    • if the  is the inherent vowel in a word-initial consonant cluster ending in rôphôla ‘ ending’ /r/, as in প্রথম prôthôm ‘first’ /prot̪ʰom/
    • if the next consonant cluster contains a jôphôla ‘ ending’, as in অন্য ônyô ‘other’ /onːo/জন্য jônyô ‘for’ /dʒonːo/
  2. ^ In onomatopoeias and polysyllabic words, /a/, represented by the letter , is phonetically realised as the vowel [ɐ].[11] In monosyllabic words, /a/ is realized as the more opened vowel [ä~äː].
  3. Jump up to:a b Although উ and ও represent the vowels /u/ and /o/ respectively, they may also represent the voiced labial–velar approximant /w/ which can occur as an allophone of their semivowel equivalents /u̯/ and /o̯/ under fortition, especially in loan words e.g. ওয়াদা [wada] ‘promise’, উইলিয়াম [wiliam] ‘William’.
  4. ^ Even though the near-open front unrounded vowel /æ/ is one of the seven main vowel sounds in the standard Bengali language, no distinct vowel symbol has been allotted for it in the script, though  is used. /æ/ may also be transcribed in IPA and pronounced as an open-mid front unrounded vowel /ɛ/.[12]
  5. ^ /ʊ/ is the original pronunciation of the vowel , though a secondary pronunciation /o/ entered the Bengali phonology by Sanskrit influence. In modern Bengali, both the ancient and adopted pronunciation of  can be heard in spoken. Example: The word নোংরা (meaning ‘foul’) is pronounced as /nʊŋra/ and /noŋra/ (romanized as nungra and nongra) – both are heard.